Cascade Range Volcanoes
Historical Maps and Select Journal Entries

Quimper: Map of the "Northwest Coast of North America -- Strait of Juan de Fuca" -- Plano del Estrecho de Fuca reconocido por el Alferez de Navio de la Rl. Armada Dn. Manuel Quimper: en la Espedición que hizo con la Balandra de S.M. de su mando nobrada la Princesa Rl. en el año de 1790 (1790) -- the map identifies coastal features in Spanish along the Straits of Juan de Fuca including the Canal de Lopez de Haro
-- map courtesy "Early Washington Maps: A Digital Collection" Website, 2007, Washington State University and the University of Washington, Map#UW152.

• The Spanish were the first to record Mount Baker's existence although they, quite possibly, were not the first whites to see the mountain. In 1790, Ensign Manuel Quimper of the Spanish Navy set sail from Nootka, a temporary settlement on Vancouver Island, with orders to explore the newly discovered Strait of Juan de Fuca. Accompanying Quimper was first-pilot Gonzalo Lopez de Haro who drew detailed charts during the six-week expedition. Although Quimper's written journal of the voyage makes no reference to the mountain, one of Haro's manuscript charts includes a sketch of a prominent peak in the area of Mount Baker. -- excerpt courtesy U.S. National Park Service, North Cascades National Park Website, 2002

• "La gran montana del Carmelo" (Mount Baker)
• "Sierras nevadas de S. Antonio" (Cascade Range)

• Detail section of Quimper's Map showing today's Mount Baker ("La gran montana del Carmelo"). From: University of Washington Library Archives #UW152.

• Detail section of Quimper's Map the Cascade Range ("Sierras nevadas de S. Antonio"). From: University of Washington Library Archives #UW152.

George Vancouver: Map of Vancouver, 1798, by George Vancouver, H.J. Toudy & Co. Shows topography of the Pacific Northwest including part of Vancouver Island and northwestern Oregon Country. Identifies Canal de Arro involved in the disputed boundary between Great Britain and the United States "H. J. Toudy & Co. Lith."
-- map courtesy Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

• "Mt. Baker"

• "Mt. Baker"
• "Mt. Rainier"
• "Mt. St. Helens"

• Mount Rainier, from the south part of Admiralty Bay. From a sketch taken on the spot by J. Sykes, 1792. Published May 1st, 1798, by J. Edwards Pall Mall & G. Robinson Paternoster Row. From: University of Washington Library Archives #NA3985.

Arrowsmith: A map exhibiting all the new discoveries in the interior parts of North America : inscribed by permission to the honourable governor and company of adventurers of England trading into Hudsons Bay in testimony of their liberal communications to their most obedient and very humble servant A. Arrowsmith, January 1st 1795. Additions to 1802. Additions to 1811. Additions to 1814.
-- maps courtesy American Memory/Library of Congress Online Map Collection, 2002, and David Rumsey Online Map Collection, 2002

• "Mt. Ranier" (Mount Rainier)
• "Mt. St. Helens"
• "Mt. Hood"

King: Lewis and Clark carried this map. Annotations in brown ink by Meriwether Lewis. Tracing showing the Mississippi, the Missouri for a short distance above Kansas, Lakes Michigan, Superior, and Winnipeg, and the country onwards to the Pacific. Pen and ink. Created by Nicholas King.
-- map courtesy American Memory/Library of Congress Online Map Collection, 2002

• "Mt. Ranier" (Mount Rainier)
• "Mt. St. Helens"
• "Mt. Hood"
• "River Oregan" (Columbia River)

Lewis and Clark: A map of part of the continent of North America: between the 35th and 51st degrees of north latitude, and extending from 890 degrees of west longitude to the Pacific Ocean -- compiled from the authorities of the best informed travellers by M. Lewis; copied by Nicholas King, 1805. Note from map folder: Map was copied from a sketch by William Clark, not one by Meriwether Lewis as indicated in the title. This scomposite map was prepared by Nicholas King, at the request of Thomas Jefferson and Albert Gallatin, secretary of the treasury. It represents the geographical knowledge of the trans-Mississippi West available to government officials on the eve of the expedition. It is believed that Lewis and Clark carried this map at least as far as the Mandan-Hidatsa village in present day North Dakota, where Lewis added additional information obtained from fur traders and Native Americans.
-- map and information courtesy American Memory/Library of Congress Online Map Collection, 2002

• "Mt. Rainier"
• "Mt. Helens" (Mount St. Helens)
• "Mt. Hood"
• the Cascade Range is not named but "shadowed" in and ends at "Mt. Hood"
• "Columbia River"

Lewis & Clark (Biddle/Allen): A Map of Lewis and Clark's Track Across the Western Portion of North America, From the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean, By Order of the Executive of the United States in 1804, 5 & 6. Copied by Samuel Lewis from the Original Drawing of Wm. Clark. Publication Date: 1814, Publisher: London: Printed for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown Though the Lewis and Clark expedition occurred during the years 1804 to 1806, Clark's journal was not published until 1814. This map comes from the first British printing of that journal, occurring in that same year, 1814. [via the Library of Congress Website: A map of Lewis and Clark's track, across the western portion of North America from the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean: by order of the executive of the United States in 1804, 5 & 6 / copied by Samuel Lewis from the original drawing of Wm. Clark ; Saml. Harrison, fct. Created/Published: Philadelphia: Bradford and Inskeep, 1814, From Lewis, Meriwether, History of the expedition under the command of Captains Lewis and Clark, 1814.]
-- map courtesy Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002, and American Memory/Library of Congress Online Map Collection, 2002

• Captain Lewis was supposed to have edited the journals for publication, but he met with an untimely death, probably by murder, while traveling through Tennessee in 1809. The task then fell to Clark, who asked the Philadelphia lawyer Nicholas Biddle, to complete the job. Biddle agreed, but soon passed the work on to Paul Allen, a Philadelphia journalist. The journals were finally edited and made ready for publication in 1812, but were not published until February 20, 1814. Originally, an edition of 2,000 was to be printed, but when missing copies were tallied and defective copies weeded out, only 1,417 remained. These sold at six dollars a copy. The Biddle-Allen revision of the Lewis and Clark journals left intact the raw quality of diaries written in the wilderness, retaining their sense of danger and high adventure. -- Excerpt from: Treasures of the University of Delaware Library
  
  
• "Mt. Baker"
• "Mt. Regniere" (Mount Rainier)
• "Mt. St. Helens"
• "Mt. Hood"
• "Mt. Jefferson"
• "Columbia River"
• "Lewis's River" (Snake River)

Mathew Carey: Missouri territory formerly Louisiana, by Mathew Carey, Created/Published 1814
-- map courtesy American Memory/Library of Congress Online Map Collection, 2002

• "M. Baker" (Mount Baker)
• "Mt. Reiner" (Mount Rainier)
• "Riget's Spund" (Puget Sound)
• "M. St. Helens" (Mount St. Helens)
• "Mt. Hood"
• Cascade Range shadowed in but not labeled
• "Oregon or Columbia R." (Columbia River)

Tanner: (Composite of) A Map of North America, Constructed According To The Latest Information: by H.S. Tanner, 1822, Engraved & Published by H.S. Tanner, Philadelphia, 1822, Printed by Wm Duffee, American Atlas, Published, 1823.
-- map courtesy David Rumsey Online Map Collection, 2002

• "Mt. Baker"
• "Mt. Regniere" (Mount Rainier)
• "Mt. St. Helens"
• "Mt. Hood"
• "Mt. Jefferson"

Wyld: Map of North America from 20 to 80 Degrees north Latitude, Exhibiting The recent Discoveries, Geographical and Nautical; Drawn chiefly from the Authorites of M. De Humboldt, Lieutt. Pike, Messrs. Lewis and Clarke, Sir Alexr. MacKenzie, Mr. Hearne, Coll. Bouchette, Captns. Vancouver, Ross, Parry & Franklin, also describing the Boundary Lines between the Territories of Great Britain & Spain with the United States. London, Published by Jas. Wyld, (successor to W. Faden) ... Geographer to His Majesty; and to H.R.H. the Duke Of York, June 1st 1823.
-- map courtesy David Rumsey Online Map Collection, 2002

• "Mt. Baker"
• "Mt. Rainier"
• "Mt. St. Helens"
• "Mt. Hood"
• "Mt. Jefferson"

Warren: U.S. Pacific R.R., Exp. & Surveys, Reduced Section of Map of North America, Including all the Recent Geographical Discoveries, 1826. Lt. Warrens Memoir Plate III. Litho. of J. Bien, New York.
-- map courtesy Central Pacific Railroad Online Map Collection, 2002

• "Mt. Hood"
• "Mt. Jefferson"
• Cascade Range is shaded in

Vandermaelen: Partie des Etats-Unis, No.38, 1827, by Phillippe Marie Guillaume Vandermaelen. The map identifies forts, rivers, and mountains. Indian tribes and populations are identified. It includes notes and dates from the routes of several exploratory expeditions, including Lewis & Clark. It also includes general notes about the areas on the map. This map was removed from the author's Atlas Universel. When published, this was the first world atlas to be published on a uniform scale. This atlas was also the first to be made completely by lithography, using new techniques developed specificaly for this atlas.
-- map courtesy Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

• "Mt. Rainier"
• "Mt. St. Helene" (Mount St. Helens)
• "Mt. Hood -- "Les Monts Hood et Jefferson sont constamment couverts de neige." (The Mounts Hood and Jefferson are constantly covered in snow). "Quicksand R." (Sandy River) drains from "Mt. Hood"
• "Mt. Jefferson"

Tanner: United States of America, by H.S. Tanner, 1832, 4th. ed, Henry Tanner, 1832, Philadelphia, Engraved by H.S. Tanner, assisted by E.B. Dawson, W. Allen & J. Knight." With 16 inset maps: along left margin; Albany, Boston, New York, Environs of Philadelphia and Trenton, Environs of Baltimore and Washington, Cincinnati, Charleston, New Orleans, in center; Oregon and Mandan Districts, along right margin; Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington, South part of Florida, and profiles, and statistical tables. Title cartouche engraved by J.W. Steel. Shows county seats, canals, railroads, and roads.
-- map courtesy University of Connecticut's MAGIC Historical Online Map Collection, 2002

• "Mt. Rainer" (Mount Rainier)
• "Mt. St. Helens"
• "Mt. Hood"
• "Mt. Jefferson"

Illman & Pilbrow: Oregon Territory, 1833. by Illman & Pilbrow.
-- map courtesy Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

• "Mt. Baker"
• Cascade Range shaded in beginning south of "Mt. Baker", ends north of "Mt. Hood" but crosses the "Columbia or Oregon R." (Columbia River). Range is shaded in again just north of "Mt. Hood" and continues south.
• "Mt. Hood"
• "Mt. Jefferson"
• "New Albion" -- south of the "Boundary by treaty with Spain, 1819"

Arrowsmith: British North America, by Permission Dedicated to The Hon. Hudsons Bay Company, "Containing the latest information which their documents furnish", by their Obedient Servant, J. Arrowsmith. (segment of map only online)
-- map courtesy College of the Siskiyous Online Map Collection, 2002

• "Mt. Baker"
• "Mt. Rainier"
• "Mt. Helens" (map print too small online to read correctly, but do not believe there was the "St." in there)
• "Mt. Hood"
• "Mt. Vancouver" (Mount Jefferson)
• "Mt. McLoughlin" (Three Sisters ?) -- not today's Mount McLoughlin, this one more in the vicinity of Three Sisters.
• "Mt. Umpqua" (Diamond Peak ?) -- map print too small online to read correctly but appears to be "Mt. Umpqua". Located in the vicinity of Diamond Peak.
• "Mt. Shasty" (Mount Thielsen ?) -- in the vicinity of Mount Thielsen (?), north and west of "Clamet L." (Klamath Lake)
• today's Mount Shasta is on the map, but not named

Walker: British North America, 1934, by J. & C. Walker, Published: Longdon, Baldwin & Cradock.
-- map courtesy Washington State Secretary of State Website, 2007

• "Mt. Ranier" (Mount Rainier)
• "Mt. St. Helens" -- 4,800 feet
• "Mt. Hood" -- 5,300 feet
• "R. Columbia or Oregon" (Columbia River)

Hall J. Kelley: Territory of Oregon and High California, by Hall J. Kelley, 1834-35
-- map courtesy College of the Siskiyous Online Map Collection, 2002

• "Mt. Washington" (Mount St. Helens)
• "Mt. Adams (Mount Hood)
• "Mt. Jefferson (Mount Jefferson)
• "Mt. Madison" (Three Sisters)
• "Mt. Monroe" (Diamond Peak)
• "Mt. J. Q. Adams" (Mount McLoughlin)
• "Mt. Jackson" (Mount Shasta)

Burr: Oregon Territory, Illman & Pilbrow, 1833, Published by David H. Burr, 1835. Publication: A New Universal Atlas; Comprising Separate Maps of all the Principal Empires, Kingdomes & Staets Throughout the World; and forming a distince Atlas Of The United States. Carefully Compiled from the best Authorities Extant by David H. Burr. Published by D.S. Stone, N. York. Printed by Cammeyer & Clark, N.Y.
-- map courtesy David Rumsey Online Map Collection, 2002

• "Mt. Baker"
• "Mt. Hood"
• "Mt. Jefferson"

Gallatin: Map of the Indian tribes of North America, about 1600 A.D. along the Atlantic, & about 1800 A.D. westwardly, published by the Amer. Antiq. Soc. from a drawing by Hon. A. Gallatin. Published by "The Society", 1836. American Antiquarian Society. Transactions and collections. Vol. 2, 1836, fol. p. 264. Hand colored to show the location of Indian tribes and 11 linguistic families.
-- map courtesy American Memory/Library of Congress Online Map Collection, 2002

• "Mt. Regnier" (Mount Rainier)
• "Mt. Hood"
• "Mt. Jefferson"
• "Mt. Simpson" (Mount Shasta)
• "Roger's Peak" (Lassen Peak)

Tanner: North America, 1836, by H.S. Tanner, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Publisehd by H.S. Tanner, Tanner's Universal Atlas, 1836.
-- map courtesy David Rumsey Online Map Collection, 2002

• "Mt. Jefferson"
• "Mt. Simpson" (Mount Shasta)
• "Rogers Peak" (Lassen Peak)

Samuel Parker: Map of Oregon Territory by Samuel Parker, 1838. See listing below from College of the Siskiyous Map Collection.
-- map courtesy Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

• "Mt. Ranier" (Mount Rainier)
• "Mt. St. Helens"
• "Mt. Hood" -- (note, "Quicksand R." drains "Mt. Hood" (Sandy River))
• "Mt. Vancouver" (Mount Jefferson)
• "Mt. McLoughlin" -- in the vicinity of the Three Sisters
• "Mt. Shasty" -- in the vicinity of today's Mount McLoughlin
• today's Mount Shasta is depicted but not named

Washington Hood: Map of the United States Territory of Oregon, West of the Rocky Mountains, "Exhibiting the various Trading depots or Forts occupied by the British Hudson Bay Company connected with the Western and northwestern Fur Trade", 1938, by Washington Hood
-- map courtesy College of the Siskiyous Online Map Collection, 2002

• "Mt. Ranier" (Mount Rainier)
• "Mt. St. Helens"
• "Volcanic M." -- north of the Columbia, east of the John Day River, where the Columbia turns north, there is a peak shaded in at that bend in the river. Right below "Volcanic M" are the words "Great L.", cannot tell if they are suppose to go together or not.
• "Mt. Hood"
• ??? -- at this point another good sized peak is shaded in
• "Mt. Vancouver" (Mount Jefferson)
• "Mt.McLaughlin" -- south of "Mt. Vancouver" and west of the "Chutes or Falls R.", this is not the current Mount McLoughlin, closer in the vicinity of the Three Sisters.
• ??? -- at this point another peak is shaded in on the line of the Cacades
• "Mt. Shasty" -- not today's Mount Shasta. Located in the vicinity of Mount Thielsen or Diamond Peak.
• "Pit Mountain" -- north of the "Pit River", in the vicinity of today's Mount Shasta.

Burr: Map of the United States of North America with parts of the adjacent countries; by David H. Burr (late topographer to the Post Office,) Geographer to the House of Representatives of the U.S., Published: London, 1839.
-- map courtesy American Memory/Library of Congress Online Map Collection, 2002

• "Mt. Baker"
• "Mount Regnier" (Mount Rainier)
• "Mt. St. Helen" (Mount St. Helens)
• "Mt. Hood"
• "Mt. Jefferson"
• "Mt. Mc. Laughlin" (???)
• "Rogers Peak" (Lassen Peak) -- location puts "Roger's Peak" south of the "Pitt R.". Mount Shasta is north of the "Pitt R." (Sacramento River)
• "Mount Joseph" -- range south of and including "Rogers Peak"

Greenhow - Burr: The North-West-Coast of North America and Adjacent Territories, Compiled from the best authorities under the direction of Robert Greenhow to accompany his Memoir on the Northwest Coast Published by order of the Senate of the United States, drawn by David H. Burr, Lithog. S.D. Longtree.
-- map courtesy Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

• "Mt. Baker"
• "Mt. Ranier" (Mount Rainier)
• "Mt. S. Helens" (Mount St. Helens)
• "Mt. Hood"
• "Mt. Jefferson"
• "Mt. Madison" (???) -- approximately the Mount Thielsen region
• "Mt. Jackson" (Mount Shasta)
• "Snowy Mountains" (Sierra Nevadas)

Charles Wilkes: Map of the Oregon Territory. Publication date: 1841. In 1836, Congress approved the sum of $300,000 for a purely scientific exploratory expedition. The expedition, headed by Charles Wilkes, left in 1838 and returned in 1842. The scientific expedition visited at least cursorily most every non-civilised coastal area in the world, including the Pacific Northwest in 1841. A large number of Puget Sound names which are still in use today were provided by Wilkes' expedition, Commencement Bay (where he started his charting of the sound) and Elliott Bay among them.
-- map courtesy Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

• "Mt. Baker"
• "Mt. Rainier"
• "Mt. St. Helens"
• "Mt. Hood"
• "Mt. Jefferson"
• "Mt. Mc. Laughlin" -- closer to the vicinity of Three Sisters or Diamond Peak

• "Mt. Shasta" -- online image difficult to read as to how this "Shasta" is spelled
• "Mt. St. Joseph" (Lassen Peak)

Duflot de Mofras: "Carte De La Cote De L'Amerique Sur L'Ocean Pacifique Septentrional Le Territoire De L'Oregon, Les Californies, ...", Publisher: Paris, Arthus Bertrand, Atlas Map, by Eugene Duflot de Mofras, 1844.
-- map courtesy David Rumsey Online Map Collection, 2002

• "Mt. Baker"
• "Mt. Rainier"
• "Mt. Ste. Héléne" (Mount St. Helens)
• "Mt. Hood"
• Prominent unnamed peak depicted between Mount Hood and "Mt. Vancouver"
• "Mt. Vancouver" (Mount Jefferson)
• "Mt. Mac Laughlin" -- in the vicinity of the Three Sisters
• "Mt. Umpqua" -- in the vicinity of Diamond Peak (???), head of the "Riv. Umpqua"
• "Mont Siscayou" (Mount McLoughlin)
• "Mont Sasté" (Mount Shasta)