Cascades Volcano Observatory, Vancouver, Washington

• 1790 -- Quimper's map with Mount Baker
  In 1790, Ensign Manuel Quimper of the Spanish Navy set sail from Nootka, a temporary settlement on Vancouver Island, with orders to explore the newly discovered Strait of Juan de Fuca. Accompanying Quimper was first-pilot Gonzalo Lopez de Haro who drew detailed charts during the six-week expedition. Although Quimper's written journal of the voyage makes no reference to the mountain, one of Haro's manuscript charts includes a sketch of a prominent peak in the area of Mount Baker.
  
  
  
• 1792-1794 -- The Volcanoes of George Vancouver
  British Captain George Vancouver and Lieutenant William Broughton surveyed the Northern Pacific Coast from 1792 to 1794, and named Mounts Baker, Rainier, St. Helens, and Hood.
  
  
  
• 1792 - "First Picture of Mount Rainier"
  The "First Picture of Mount Rainier" was drawn by W. Alexander, from a sketch by J. Sykes, in 1792. The "picture" was engraved by J. Landseer for inclusion in Captain Geroge Vancouver's publication.
  
  
  
• ca.1800 -- Possible eruption of Mount St. Helens -- Wilkes
  Excerpt from Charles Wilkes' Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition ... , published in 1844, which includes a Flathead Indian account of a possible Mount St. Helens eruption sometime during the late 1790s or early 1800s, and also mentions Mount Rainier and Mount St. Helens being in eruption ca.1841-1844.
  
  
  
• ca.1800 -- Possible eruption of Mount St. Helens -- Dana
  Excerpt from James D. Dana, Geologist for the U.S. Exploring Expedition, Geology, published in 1849, which mentions volcanic activity of Mount Rainier and Mount St. Helens in the early 1840s, plus reference to ashes falling "some fifty years since".
  
  
  
• ca.1800 -- Possible eruption of Mount St. Helens -- Stuckley
  Kalispel account of a volcanic eruption, now determined to be Mount St. Helens’ Tephra “Layer T”, from Doctor George Stuckley, assistant surgeon United States army, of his trip in a canoe from Fort Own down the Bitter Root, Clark's fork, and Columbia rivers, to Vancouver, written December 19, 1853, and pubished in I.I. Stevens’ “Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean”, published in 1855.
  
  
  
• 1805-1806 -- The Volcanoes of Lewis & Clark
  Five Volcanoes are found listed within the journals of Lewis & Clark (although not necessarily referred to by their correct names) -- Mount Adams, Mount Hood, Mount Jefferson, Mount Rainier, and Mount St. Helens. The journals also include interesting information about other volcanic and geologic features such as Monument Rock, Beacon Rock, the Columbia River, and many of the rivers which flow into the Columbia. Lewis and Clark named Mount Jefferson.
  
  
  
• Early 1800s -- Eruptions of Mount Hood - Alley and Munro-Fraser
  Excerpt from the 1885 report History of Clarke County, Washington Territory, by B.F. Alley and J.P. Munro-Fraser, describing the November 22, 1842 eruption of Mount St. Helens. Also includes reference to two early 1800s eruptions of Mount Hood.
  
  
  
• 1824-1829 -- The Volcanoes of Peter Skene Ogden
  Peter Skene Ogden was a chief trader with the Hudson's Bay Company. In the period 1824-1829, he led five trapping expeditions to the "Snake Country" -- the upper reaches of the Columbia. He named Mount Shasta.
  
  
  
• 1831 -- Mount St. Helens in eruption -- Thornton
  Excerpt from J.Quinn Thornton's Oregon and California in 1848, first published in 1849 and then re-published in 1864, which includes Mount St. Helens in eruption in 1831, Mount St. Helens in eruption ca.1842, references to a volcanic Mount Hood, and references to a Mount Hood eruption ca.1845.
  
  
  
• August 1831 -- Mount St. Helens, and references to Mount Hood -- Parker
  Excerpt from Rev. Samuel Parker's 1838 report which has a passage about a possible eruption of Mount St. Helens in August, 1831, when the area of Fort Vancouver went dark and ash fell. Also includes reference to Indians witnessing "fires" in the fissures on Mount Hood.
  
  
  
• 1835 -- Eruption of Mount St. Helens -- Evans
  Elwood Evans’ 1889 report “History of the Pacific Northwest, Oregon and Washington”, published in 1889, lists the Cascade Range peaks and their heights, mentions volcanic activity at Mounts Hood, St. Helens, and Rainier, and mentions a 1835 and 1842 eruption of Mount St. Helens.
  
  
  
• ca.1841-1844 -- Mount Rainier and Mount St. Helens -- Wilkes
  Excerpt from Charles Wilkes' Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition ... , published in 1844, which includes a Flathead Indian account of a possible Mount St. Helens eruption sometime during the late 1790s or early 1800s, and also mentions Mount Rainier and Mount St. Helens being in eruption ca.1841-1844.
  
  
  
• 1842 -- Eruption of Mount St. Helens -- Evans
  Elwood Evans’ 1889 report “History of the Pacific Northwest, Oregon and Washington”, published in 1889, lists the Cascade Range peaks and their heights, mentions volcanic activity at Mounts Hood, St. Helens, and Rainier, and mentions a 1835 and 1842 eruption of Mount St. Helens.
  
  
  
• 1842 -- Eruption of Mount St. Helens -- Gibbs
  Account of the 1842 eruption of Mount St. Helens, written by George Gibbs while on a reconnaissance of the country lying upon Shoal Water bay and Puget sound, Olympia, W.T., March 1, 1854, plus comment of Mount St. Helens’ “smoking” in 1854, pubished in I.I. Stevens’ “Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean”, published in 1855.
  
  
  
• 1842 -- Mount St. Helens eruption -- Swan
  Excerpt from James G. Swan, published in 1857, "Mount St. Helen's is a volcano, and has been in active operation as late as 1842".
  
  
  
• 1842 -- Eruptions of Mount St. Helens and Mount Rainier -- Dana
  Excerpt from James D. Dana, Geologist for the U.S. Exploring Expedition, Geology, published in 1849, which mentions volcanic activity of Mount Rainier and Mount St. Helens in the early 1840s, plus reference to ashes falling "some fifty years since".
  
  
  
• October 1842 -- Mount St. Helens eruption -- Hines
  Rev. Gustavus Hines' 1851 report has a passage about an October 1842 eruption of Mount St. Helens.
  
  
  
• November 20, 1842 -- Mount St. Helens eruption -- Allen
  Excerpt from Miss A.J. Allen's 1848 publication Ten years in Oregon, including a description of an eruption of Mount St. Helens on November 20, 1842.
  
  
  
• November 22, 1842 -- Mount St. Helens and early Mount Hood - Alley and Munro-Fraser
  Excerpt from the 1885 report History of Clarke County, Washington Territory, by B.F. Alley and J.P. Munro-Fraser, describing the November 22, 1842 eruption of Mount St. Helens. Also includes reference to two early 1800s eruptions of Mount Hood.
  
  
  
• ca.1842 (possibly November 22, 1842) -- Mount St. Helens in eruption -- Thornton
  Excerpt from J.Quinn Thornton's Oregon and California in 1848, first published in 1849 and then re-published in 1864, which includes Mount St. Helens in eruption in 1831, Mount St. Helens in eruption ca.1842, references to a volcanic Mount Hood, and references to a Mount Hood eruption ca.1845.
  
  
  
• November 23, 1842 and November 13, 1843 -- Mount St. Helens and Mount Rainier -- Fremont
  Excerpt from John Fremont's expeditions of 1842 and 1843-44 were funded by the Army Bureau of Topographical Engineers. The 1845 report includes a paragraph about the November 23, 1842 eruption of Mount St. Helens, and the November 13, 1843 eruption of Mount St. Helens and Mount Rainier.
  
  
  
• 1843 -- Mount St. Helens and Mount Baker -- Bolduc/DeSmet
  Passage from a Letter of J.B.Z. Bolduc, Apostolical Missionary, to Mr. Cayenne, written at Cowlitz, February 15, 1844, appearing in Father Pierre Jean De Smet's Oregon Missions and Travels over the Rocky Mountains, 1845-1846, published in 1847.
  
  
  
• 1843 -- Mount Rainier eruption -- Meany
  Passage from Edmund S. Meany's 1916 publication Mount Rainier, A Record of Exploration, mentioning eruptions of 1843, 1854, 1858, and 1870, plus an earlier Indian legend.
  
  
  
• 1845 -- Presidents Range -- Hastings
  In the 1830s Hall J. Kelley proposed naming the volcanoes of the Cascades the "Presidents Range", with each of the peaks bearing the name of a U.S. President. This version is Lansford Hasting's version, as given in his 1845 publication "The Emigrants Guide, to Oregon and California ... "
  
  
  
• ca.1845 -- Mount Hood in eruption -- Thornton
  Excerpt from J.Quinn Thornton's Oregon and California in 1848, first published in 1849 and then re-published in 1864, which includes Mount St. Helens in eruption in 1831, Mount St. Helens in eruption ca.1842, references to a volcanic Mount Hood, and references to a Mount Hood eruption ca.1845.
  
  
  
• March 26 and March 30, 1847 -- Mount St. Helens eruptions -- Kane
  From the writings of Paul Kane, "Wanderings of an Artist", published in 1859. Passages about plumes from Mount St. Helens on March 26 and March 30, 1847. Includes reference to 1843 Mount St. Helens' eruption.
  
  
  
• 1850, 1851 -- Newspaper Clippings
  Collection of newspaper clippings refering to eruptions, etc., of the Cascade Range volcanoes. Quite a few of these have never been verified as actual eruptions or activity, and may infact be forest fires, imaginations, and/or rumors. Scroll page to find entry.
  • 1850 -- Eruption of Mount Baker and Mount St. Helens
  • 1850s and 1851 -- Feather Lake volcano
  
  
  
  
• August 26, 1853 -- First Ascent of Mount St. Helens
  Excerpt from newspaper clipping describing the first ascent of Mount St. Helens. Re-typed transcript and not copy of original newspaper. Mount St. Helens was the first major peak along the Pacific Coast to be climbed.
  
  
  
• 1854 -- Mount Baker eruption -- Davidson
  Passage from George Davison's "Letters to the Editor" in Science, September 25, 1885, titled "Recent volcanic activity in the United States: eruptions of Mount Baker", giving accounts of Mount Baker eruptions of 1854, 1858, and 1870, plus discrediting newspaper accounts of Mount Baker's summit collapse.
  
  
  
• 1854 -- Mount Rainier eruption -- Meany
  Passage from Edmund S. Meany's 1916 publication Mount Rainier, A Record of Exploration, mentioning eruptions of 1843, 1854, 1858, and 1870, plus an earlier Indian legend.
  
  
  
• 1854 -- Mount St. Helens “smoking” -- Gibbs
  Account of the 1842 eruption of Mount St. Helens, written by George Gibbs while on a reconnaissance of the country lying upon Shoal Water bay and Puget sound, Olympia, W.T., March 1, 1854, plus comment of Mount St. Helens’ “smoking” in 1854, pubished in I.I. Stevens’ “Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean”, published in 1855.
  
  
  
• 1854 to 1857 -- Newspaper Clippings
  Collection of newspaper clippings refering to eruptions, etc., of the Cascade Range volcanoes. Quite a few of these have never been verified as actual eruptions or activity, and may infact be forest fires, imaginations, and/or rumors. Scroll page to find entry.
  • 1854 -- Mount Hood, smoking
  • 1854 -- Mount Hood height
  • 1856 -- Eruption of Mount Baker
  • 1857 -- Possible eruption Mount St. Helens
  
  
  
  
• 1858 -- Mount Rainier eruption -- Meany
  Passage from Edmund S. Meany's 1916 publication Mount Rainier, A Record of Exploration, mentioning eruptions of 1843, 1854, 1858, and 1870, plus an earlier Indian legend.
  
  
  
• 1858 -- Mount Baker eruption -- Davidson
  Passage from George Davison's "Letters to the Editor" in Science, September 25, 1885, titled "Recent volcanic activity in the United States: eruptions of Mount Baker", giving accounts of Mount Baker eruptions of 1854, 1858, and 1870, plus discrediting newspaper accounts of Mount Baker's summit collapse.
  
  
  
• 1859 -- Mount Baker eruption of November 26 -- Begg
  Paragraph from Alexander Begg's History of British Columbia, published in 1894.
  
  
  
• 1859 -- Newspaper Clippings
  Collection of newspaper clippings refering to eruptions, etc., of the Cascade Range volcanoes. Quite a few of these have never been verified as actual eruptions or activity, and may infact be forest fires, imaginations, and/or rumors. Scroll page to find entry.
  • 1859 -- Eruption of Mount Hood
  • 1859 -- Eruption of Mount Baker
  
  
  
  
• 1860 to 1868 -- Newspaper Clippings
  Collection of newspaper clippings refering to eruptions, etc., of the Cascade Range volcanoes. Quite a few of these have never been verified as actual eruptions or activity, and may infact be forest fires, imaginations, and/or rumors. Scroll page to find entry.
  • 1859 -- Eruption of Mount Hood
  • 1859 -- Eruption of Mount Baker
  • 1860 -- Eruptions of Mount Baker and Mount St. Helens
  • 1860 -- Eruption of Mount Baker
  • 1861 -- Coso
  • 1864 -- Mount Shasta height
  • 1864 -- Mount Baker crater collapsing
  • 1865 -- Possibly Glacier Peak
  • 1865 -- Mount Baker active
  • 1865 -- Crater Lake seen
  • 1865 -- Eruption of Mount Hood
  • 1866 -- Three Sisters fire and smoke
  • 1866 -- Smoking Mount Hood
  • 1867 -- Mount Baker active
  • 1867 -- Presumably Mount Baker
  • 1867 -- Mount Hood height
  • 1868 -- Volcano ??? Inyo vicinity
  
  
  
  
• 1870 -- Mount Baker eruption -- Davidson
  Passage from George Davison's "Letters to the Editor" in Science, September 25, 1885, titled "Recent volcanic activity in the United States: eruptions of Mount Baker", giving accounts of Mount Baker eruptions of 1854, 1858, and 1870, plus discrediting newspaper accounts of Mount Baker's summit collapse.
  
  
  
• 1870 -- Mount Rainier eruption -- Meany
  Passage from Edmund S. Meany's 1916 publication Mount Rainier, A Record of Exploration, mentioning eruptions of 1843, 1854, 1858, and 1870, plus an earlier Indian legend.
  
  
  
• 1871 to 1878 -- Newspaper Clippings
  Collection of newspaper clippings refering to eruptions, etc., of the Cascade Range volcanoes. Quite a few of these have never been verified as actual eruptions or activity, and may infact be forest fires, imaginations, and/or rumors. Scroll page to find entry.
  • 1871 -- Mount Rainier active
  • 1871 -- Mount Baker active
  • 1872 -- Mount Hood smoking
  • 1873 -- Mount Hood illuminated
  
  
  
  
• 1878 -- Wheeler Survey
  Mount McLoughlin, Crater Lake, Mount Jefferson, and Mount Hood, Oregon.
  
  
  
• 1879 to 1920 -- Newspaper Clippings
  Collection of newspaper clippings refering to eruptions, etc., of the Cascade Range volcanoes. Quite a few of these have never been verified as actual eruptions or activity, and may infact be forest fires, imaginations, and/or rumors. Scroll page to find entry.
  • 1879 -- Mount Hood smoking
  • 1880 -- Eruption near Mount Baker
  • 1880 -- Mount Baker eruption
  • 1881 -- Mount Baker eruption
  • 1881 -- Idaho volcano
  • 1882 -- Mount Rainier active
  • August 1883 -- Summit of Mount Hood
  • 1886 -- Mount Hood "smoking", Mount St. Helens
  • 1887 -- Mount Hood illuminated
  • 1894 -- Eruption of Mount Rainier
  • 1895 -- Olympic Mountains
  • 1896 -- Eruption of Mount Hood
  • 1897 -- Mount Baker in eruption
  • 1898 -- Eruption of Mount St. Helens
  • 1898 -- Mount Rainier avalanche
  • 1900 -- Mount Baker active
  • 1900 -- Lassen eruption
  • 1902 -- Mount Rainier
  • 1902 -- Lassen active
  • 1902 -- Mount Rainier heating up
  • 1903 -- Mount St. Helens excitement
  • June 1907 -- Lassen and Cinder Cone National Monuments
  • 1908 -- Mount Baker active
  • 1908 -- Mount Baker and Mount Hood active
  • 1909 -- Lassen active
  • 1909 -- Mount Baker active
  • June 1914 -- Eruption of Lassen Peak
  • May 1915 -- Eruption of Lassen Peak
  • August 1915 -- Eruption of Lassen Peak
  • 1920 -- Crater Lake information
  
  
  
• 1857-1881 -- Newspaper Clippings -- "Non-Volcano Eruptions"
  Collection of newspaper clippings refering to "eruptions" of "volcanoes" in Georgia, Florida, North Carolina, Colorado, and Idaho.
  • 1857 -- Pigeon Mountain, Georgia
  • 1866 -- Florida Island
  • 1874 -- Bald Mountain, North Carolina
  • 1881 -- Pikes Peak
  • 1881 -- Devil's Hole, Idaho

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