| Although steep terrain, difficult access, hazardous conditions, and limited staff often discourage volcanologists from making geodetic leveling surveys at restless volcanoes, leveling has several advantages ... At mafic volcanoes, on the lower flanks of stratovolcanoes, at large calderas, and in terrain between volcanoes along volcanic arcs, long leveling traverses can provide important information on large-scale ground deformation. In virtually any terrain and particularly during volcanic emergencies, short traverses are a useful tool to quickly determine short-term deformation rates. -- Dzurisin, 1992 |
