USGS/Cascades Volcano Observatory, Vancouver, Washington
REPORT:
Using First-Order Class II Geodetic Leveling Procedures to Monitor Vertical
Displacement
-- Kenneth M. Yamashita and William P. Kaiser,
Using First-Order Class II Geodetic Leveling Procedures to Monitor Vertical
Displacement,
IN: Ewert and Swanson, (eds.), 1992, Monitoring
Volcanoes: Techniques and Strategies Used by the Staff of the
Cascades Volcano Observatory, 1980-1990: USGS Bulletin 1966,
p.135-141.
Abstract
Levels have been used to monitor volcanoes since the early 1900's. Members of
the Cascades Volcano Observatory use first-order class II geodetic leveling
procedures as defined by the Federal Geodetic Control committee to monitor
vertical displacement at active or potentially active volcanoes. Equipment
needs, bench-mark spacing and installation, data acquisition, and data reduction
procedures are defined and described. Field procedures and technical
specifications for equipment are summarized and consolidated to provide a guide
for those interested in using geodetic levels as a method of monitoring vertical
displacement.
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02/17/98, Lyn Topinka