USGS/Cascades Volcano Observatory, Vancouver, Washington
REPORT:
Lake-Level Monitoring as a Tool for Studies of Crustal Deformation
-- Jack W. Kleinman and Peter M. Otway,
Lake-Level Monitoring as a Tool for Studies of Crustal Deformation:
IN: Ewert and Swanson, (eds.), 1992, Monitoring
Volcanoes: Techniques and Strategies Used by the Staff of the
Cascades Volcano Observatory, 1980-1990: USGS Bulletin 1966,
p.159-174.
Table of Contents
-
Abstract
- Introduction
- Principles
- Locating Lake-Level Measurement Sites
- Types of Lake Gaging Systems
- Permanent Systems
- Instrumentation
- Testing and Calibration
- Data Collection
- Portable Systems
- CVO System
- Instrumentation
- Calibration
- Measurement Procedure
- Taupo System
- Instrumentation
- Procedure
- Potential Sources of Error
- Natural Errors
- Wind
- Seiche
- Barometric Gradient
- Variations in the Rates of Inflow and Outflow
- Other Natural Influences
- Measurement Errors
- Calibration and Instrument Reliability
- Thermal Effects on Equipment
- Instrument Setup
- Leveling or Taping Errors
- Bench-mark Instability
- Reduction and Assessment of Data
- Examples of Results
- Yellowstone Lake
- San Andreas Lake
- Lake Taupo
- CVO System Results
- Discussion
- Acknowledgments
- References Cited
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02/19/98, Lyn Topinka