Geologic field observations form an important part of any volcano-monitoring program yet are often overlooked in lists of monitoring techniques. Such observations provide the opportunity to integrate many different kinds of data on the spot and to design simple measurements to test key questions resulting from the observations. Field observations go hand in hand with more sophisticated equipment and techniques to form a complete system for monitoring volcanoes. Monitoring programs should explicitly include provisions for geologic field observations and instill in field workers, scientists, and technicians alike, the need to be flexible and clever in designing simple experiments and measurements to test important field observations on the spot.
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