USGS/Cascades Volcano Observatory, Vancouver, Washington

REPORT:
Preventing Volcanic Catastrophe: The U.S. International Volcano Disaster Assistance Program

-- Ewert, J.W.; Murray, T.L.; Lockhart, A.B.; and Miller, C.D., 1993,
Preventing Volcanic Catastrophe: The U. S. International Volcano Disaster Assistance Program: Earthquakes and Volcanoes, vol.24, no.6, p.270-291

When the seismograph began to record the violent earth-shaking caused by yet another eruption of the Nevado del Ruiz volcano in Colombia, no one thought that a few hours later more than 23,000 people would be dead, killed by lahars (volcanic debris flows) in towns and villages several tens of kilometers away from the volcano. -- Ewert, et.al., 1993

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03/29/06, Lyn Topinka

REPORT: Preventing Volcanic Catastrophe: The U.S. International Volcano Disaster Assistance Program

REPORT:
Preventing Volcanic Catastrophe: The U.S. International Volcano Disaster Assistance Program