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MSH80_eruption_mount_st_helens_05-18-80.jpg On May 18, 1980, at 8:32 a.m. Pacific Daylight Time, a magnitude 5.1 earthquake shook Mount St. Helens. The bulge and surrounding area slid away in a gigantic rockslide and debris avalanche, releasing pressure, and triggering a major pumice and ash eruption of the volcano. Thirteen-hundred feet (400 meters) of the peak collapsed or blew outwards. As a result, 24 square miles (62 square kilometers) of valley was filled by a debris avalanche, 250 square miles (650 square kilometers) of recreation, timber, and private lands were damaged by a lateral blast, and an estimated 200 million cubic yards (150 million cubic meters) of material was deposited directly by lahars (volcanic mudflows) into the river channels. Fifty-seven people were killed or are still missing.
USGS Photograph taken on May 18, 1980, by Austin Post.
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MSH80_eruption_mount_st_helens_05-18-80_bw.jpg Eruption of Mount St. Helens.
USGS Photograph taken on May 18, 1980, by Austin Post.
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MSH80_eruption_mount_st_helens_plume_05-18-80.jpg For more than nine hours a vigorous plume of ash erupted, eventually reaching 12 to 15 miles (20-25 kilometers) above sea level. The plume moved eastward at an average speed of 60 miles per hour (95 kilometers/hour), with ash reaching Idaho by noon. By early May 19, the devastating eruption was over. Shown here is a close-up view of the May 18 ash plume.
USGS Photograph taken on May 18, 1980, by Donald A. Swanson.
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MSH80_may_18_eruption_column_05-18-80_bw.jpg The eruption of May 18, 1980 sent volcanic ash, steam, water, and debris to a height of 60,000 feet. The mountain lost 1,300 feet of altitude and about 2/3 of a cubic mile of material stream downward from the center of the plume and the formation and movement of pyroclastic flows down the left flank of the volcano.
USGS Photograph taken on May 18, 1980, by Austin Post.
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MSH80_msh_eruption_05-18-80_Krimmel_80S3-141_bw.jpg May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. Original negative is 9x9 black/white aerial.
USGS Photograph taken on May 18, 1980, by Robert Krimmel.
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MSH80_eruption_plume_with_adams_05-18-80_bw.jpg May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Mount Adams is in the background (right).
Original negative is 9x9 black/white aerial. Image scanned from print.
USGS Photograph taken on May 18, 1980, by Robert Krimmel.
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MSH82_st_helens_plume_from_harrys_ridge_05-19-82.jpg Plumes of steam, gas, and ash often occured at Mount St. Helens in the early 1980s. On clear days they could be seen from Portland, Oregon, 50 miles (81 kilometers) to the south. The plume photographed here rose nearly 3,000 feet (1,000 meters) above the volcano's rim. The view is from Harrys Ridge, five miles (8 kilometers) north of the mountain.
USGS Photograph taken on May 19, 1982, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH82_st_helens_spirit_lake_reflection_05-19-82.jpg Mount St. Helens and the devastated area is now within the 110,000-acre Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, under jurisdiction of the United States Forest Service. Visitor centers, interpretive areas, and trails are being established as thousands of tourists, students, and scientists visit the monument daily. Mount St. Helens is once again considered to be one of the most beautiful and interesting of the Cascade volcanic peaks.
USGS Photograph taken on May 19, 1982, by Lyn Topinka.
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