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MSH80_may18_lahar_toutle_river_I-5_bridge_07-06-80.jpg
Toutle River, looking downstream towards the Interstate 5 bridge, from Old Pacific Highway bridge.
USGS Photograph taken July 6, 1980, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH80_view_downstream_from_upper_muddy_10-24-80.jpg
View looking downstream from Upper Muddy. Compare with image below, showing channel erosion.
USGS Photograph taken on October 24, 1980, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH81_view_downstream_from_upper_muddy_10-10-81.jpg
View looking downstream from Upper Muddy. Compare with image above, showing channel erosion.
USGS Photograph taken on October 10, 1981, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH81_USGS_hydrologists_measure_erosion_06-26-81.jpg
U.S. Geological Survey hydrologists measured changes in erosion along the stream channels affected by the May 18, 1980 eruption. These measurements were used to study the erosion processes and to estimate the severity of the sedimentation problem. The view here is along the Muddy River drainage, approximately one mile (1.5 kilometers) southeast of the volcano's base. Rod person (lower left) and instrument persons (upper right) give scale.
USGS Photograph taken on June 26, 1981, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH80_muddy_channel_exposed_stumps_09-22-80.jpg
Exposed forest, Muddy Channel.
USGS Photograph taken on September 22, 1980, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH80_muddy_bridge_devastation_09-23-80.jpg
Remains of the bridge crossing the Muddy River.
USGS Photograph taken on September 23, 1980, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH80_cross_section_survey_upper_pine_creek_10-09-80.jpg
USGS hydrologists measure the cross section at Upper Pine Creek. Mount St. Helens steams in the background.
USGS Photograph taken on October 9, 1980, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH80_pine_creek_cross_section_10-09-80.jpg
USGS hydrologist on rod at cross section along Pine Creek.
USGS Photograph taken on October 9, 1980, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH80_pine_creek_bridge_remnant_10-24-80.jpg
Remains of the bridge crossing the Pine Creek. Note USGS Hydrologist holding rod for cross section survey.
USGS Photograph taken on October 24, 1980, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH81_pine_creek_bridge_remnant_after_storm_03-16-81.jpg
Remains of the bridge crossing the Pine Creek. The original bridge was taken out during the mudflows of May 18, 1980. The banks were further eroded during the first major floods of 1981. Compare with image above. Note USGS Hydrologist holding rod for cross section survey.
USGS Photograph taken on March 16, 1981, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH81_dredging_cowlitz_at_kelso_03-22-81.jpg
In order to remove the May 18, 1980 sediment deposits, and to keep up with new sedimentation, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers began a dredging program on the Toutle, the Cowlitz (shown here), and the Columbia Rivers. By 1987, nearly 140 million cubic yards (110 million meters) of material had been removed from the channels. This is enough material to build twelve lanes of highway, one-foot thick, from New York to San Francisco.
USGS Photograph taken on March 22, 1981, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH81_dredging_toutle_river_02-05-81.jpg
In order to remove the May 18, 1980 sediment deposits, and to keep up with new sedimentation, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers began a dredging program on the Toutle (shown here), the Cowlitz, and the Columbia Rivers. By 1987, nearly 140 million cubic yards (110 million meters) of material had been removed from the channels. This is enough material to build twelve lanes of highway, one-foot thick, from New York to San Francisco.
USGS Photograph taken on February 5, 1981, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH82_bank_erosion_toutle_river_02-22-82.jpg
A major problem to people living downstream of Mount St. Helens was the high sedimentation rates resulting from stream erosion of the volcanic deposits. Streams were continuously down cutting channels, eroding their banks, and eating away at the avalanche and lahar deposits. This material was eventually transported downstream and deposited on the streambeds, decreasing the carrying capacity of the channels and increasing the chances of floods.
USGS Photograph taken on February 22, 1982, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH82_sediment_sampling_toutle_at_tower_road_12-12-82.jpg
USGS hydrologists sample sediment moving down the Toutle River. View at Tower Road.
USGS Photograph taken on December 12, 1982, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH89_sediment_retention_dam_toutle_river_05-89.jpg
In the spring of 1987, construction of a sediment retention dam on the North Fork Toutle River began. This retention dam is designed to help stop the downstream movement of the sediment near where it begins - on the debris avalanche.
USGS Photograph taken in May 1989, by Steve Brantley.
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MSH98_hwy504_bridge_across_hoffstadt_creek_04-98.jpg
Washington Highway 504 bridge crossing Hoffstadt Creek.
USGS Photograph taken in April 1998 by Ed Klimasauskas.
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MSH05_st_helens_crater_loowit_drainage_05-25-05.jpg
Mount St. Helens crater and dome from the northeast, with Loowit Drainage visible in the lower left
USGS Photograph taken on May 25, 2005 by Ken McGee.
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MSH05_loowit_drainage_and_falls_05-25-05.jpg
Loowit drainage and Loowit Falls, as seen from the north. The USGS "Loowit" Gaging Station is visible (small white building) in the upper right.
USGS Photograph taken on May 25, 2005 by Ken McGee.
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MSH05_step_drainage_and_falls_05-25-05.jpg
Step drainage and Step Falls, as seen from the north.
USGS Photograph taken on May 25, 2005 by Ken McGee.
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MSH05_braided_channel_NFT_above_SRS_05-25-05.jpg
Braided channel of the North Fork Toutle River above the Corps of Engineer's Sediment Retention Structure (SRS).
USGS Photograph taken on May 25, 2005 by Ken McGee.
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MSH05_SRS_from_upstream_05-25-05.jpg
Sediment Retention Structure (SRS) as seen from upstream. The SRS was built by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to capture sediment down the Toutle River.
USGS Photograph taken on May 25, 2005 by Ken McGee.
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MSH05_SRS_right_bank_channel_05-25-05.jpg
Sediment Retention Structure (SRS) right bank channel, as seen from upstream.
USGS Photograph taken on May 25, 2005 by Ken McGee.
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MSH05_SRS_structure_from_downstream_05-25-05.jpg
Sediment Retention Structure (SRS) as seen from downstream.
USGS Photograph taken on May 25, 2005 by Ken McGee.
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MSH06_loowit_falls_02-07-06.jpg
Loowit Falls.
USGS Photograph taken on February 7, 2006, by Kurt Spicer.
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MSH06_step_falls_06-20-06.jpg
Step Falls as seen from helicopter window.
USGS Photograph taken on June 20, 2006, by Kurt Spicer.
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MSH06_aerial_north_fork_toutle_at_SRS_11-17-06.jpg
Aerial view, North Fork Toutle River at COE's Sediment Retention Structure (SRS).
USGS Photograph taken on November 17, 2006, by John Pallister.
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MSH07_loowit_falls_06-14-07.jpg
Loowit Falls.
USGS Photograph taken on June 14, 2007, by Kurt Spicer.
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