USGS/Cascades Volcano Observatory, Vancouver, Washington
REPORT:
Pre-1980 Tephra-Fall Deposits Erupted From Mount St. Helens, Washington
-- Donal R. Mullineaux, 1996,
Pre-1980 Tephra-Fall Deposits Erupted From Mount St. Helens, Washington:
U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1563.
Table of Contents
-
Abstract
- Introduction
- Terminology
- Tephra
- Sets, Layers, and Beds
- Color
- Letter Designations
- Thickness
- Deposits of Ash Clouds and Other Pyroclastic Flowage Phenomena
- Oxidized Ash-Rich Deposits of Undetermined Origin
- Direction and Distance from Mount St. Helens
- Ferromagnesian Minerals
- Chemical Analyses
- Age
- Previous Work
- Overview of Tephra Sequence
- Distribution
- Preservation
- Location of Relatively Complete Tephra Sequences
- Description of Tephra Units
- Tephra Set C
- Tephra Set M
- Tephra Set K
- Tephra Set S
- Tephra Set J
- Tephra Set Y
- Tephra Set P
- Tephra Set B
- Tephra Layer D
- Tephra Set W
- Tephra Set X
- Tephra Layer T
- 19th Century Lithic Ash
-
Eruptive History
- Subdivisions of Eruptive History
- Old Mount St. Helens
- Modern Mount St. Helens
- Eruptive Stages and Periods
- Ape Canyon Stage
- Ape Canyon-Cougar Interval
- Cougar Stage
- Swift Creek Stage
- Swift Creek-Spirit Lake Interval
- Spirit Lake Stage
- Smith Creek Period
- Smith Creek-Pine Creek Interval
- Pine Creek Period
- Pine Creek-Castle Creek Interval
- Castle Creek Period
- Sugar Bowl Period
- Kalama Period
- Goat Rocks Period
- Hazards FromTephra Eruptions
- References Cited
- Appendix -- Chemical Analyses of Pumice from Described Tephra Deposits
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06/26/00, Lyn Topinka